Every year, 700,000 people were due to the antimicrobial resistance (RAM). The scientific community estimates that 10 million people will die by 2050 for this reason.
This global public health problem has become so critical that the WHO drafted a global action plan in 2016 to combat RAM.
Its fourth strategic goal is optimize the use of antimicrobial drugs in human and animal health.
Over the past 10 years, the use of antibiotics in human medicine has skyrocketed by 40%. And in veterinary medicine it is no exception, as 80% of antibiotics sold in Europe in 2015 will go to winning production.
Since the 1950s, the use of growth-promoting antibiotics (PCAs) in animal feed has improved the health conditions, growth rates, and feed efficiency of intensive livestock farms.
The emergence of AMR in humans was first observed in Europe in 1972, and the use of tetracycline, penicillin, and streptomycin in animal production was banned.
It was the first country to ban all APCs in 1986, and in 2006 the European Union announced its total ban.
As a result, alternatives were developed and introduced, such as enzymes, acids, prebiotics and probiotics, and even the essential oils, to maintain zootechnical performance.
However, to be acceptable, any alternative chosen must meet TWO conditions of effectiveness:
- present a clear, consistent mode of action, y
- consistent results.
A CLEAR AND COHERENT MODE OF ACTION
The bear essential oils it is mostly used for their bacteriostatic properties.
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They damage the cell membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, causing the cell contents to leak.
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They can also coagulate cytoplasmic proteins and even block the cell’s energy metabolism.
However, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) remains very high, which prevents its use in balanced foods in sufficient concentrations to obtain benefits similar to those of antibiotics in therapeutic doses.
Therefore, the mode of action of essential oils in animal feed is not fundamentally based on these bacteriostatic properties.
If we look at this issue more closely, the same is true of antibiotics used in low doses as growth promoters.
The doses used are too low to produce a simple bactericidal effect. Still, this mode of action is still insufficient in both cases.
The literature on essential oils yields somewhat variable results with respect to animal yield. Some authors observe similar or even better effects than those obtained with APC, while others note little or no effect.
Accordingly, Manufacturers of essential oil-based solutions must apply standardization strategies to their products and provide consistent results with results to meet animal welfare.
CONSISTENT RESULTS
Since there is no single method to demonstrate the effectiveness of a product, it is accurate gather evidence from VARIOUS sources, as follows:
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Tests performed in experimental stations that allow model and standardize responses, ALTHOUGH they are not very representative of the complex realities of the terrain.
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Multiple TESTS in various market conditions that they are representative of the different challenges that animals face, BUT WITHOUT EMBARGO are outstanding issues OF statistical inference.
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One meta-analysis that offers a solid statistical analysis and that it be representative of the various challenges that exist on the ground.
A UNIQUE MODE OF ACTION
Phodé has developed the product Oleobiotec Poultry, neurosensory solution, mixture of essential accesses with a wide spectrum of action, reinforced by a combination of species extracts.
This complex mixture restores the balance of the microbiota, which sends positive signals along the microbiota-brain axis. WHICH helps animals feel better and produce better results.
AN EXAMPLE OF META-ANALYSIS
The effectiveness of this mixture has been demonstrated in 25 trials conducted in Europe, Canada, the United States, Latin America and Asia, including 11 large commercial and 14 experimental stations.
In the meta-analysis of these trials weight gain and food conversion in poles subjected to various conditions, with and without APC, are compared.
Carried out by the University of Laval in Canada, this work is presented during the Annual Meeting of the Poultry Science Association in Montreal last year (Figures 1, 2 and 3).
This meta-analysis offers a unique focus on a determining factor in the response of products to the basis of essential agreements, the level of health challenge experienced by the animal.
Like this, the study proposes a Challenge Sharpness Index (IAD). This indicator shows that the effects of Oleobiotec Poultry they are even more significant with a high level of health challenge at the start of work (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Negative correlation of the food conversion index (CA) and the Challenge Sharpness Index (IAD)
Figure 2: APC and Oleobiotec Poultry treatments had a similar effect to the food conversion index (ICA)
Figure 3: APC and Oleobiotec Poultry treatments had a similar effect to daily weight gain (%)
Meta-analysis also helps determine the AVERAGE effects of the product on indicators such as:
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the Daily Weight Gain (GDP), which increases an average of 2.8 + 0.70% (P <0.001; R 2 = 65%), o
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the Food Conversion Index (CA), which decreases by 3.6 ± 1.2% (P = 0.006; R2 = 56%).
The meta-analysis reveals absolutely no significant difference in efficacy between the evaluated product and an APC.
CONCLUSION
To help animals respond more consistently to plant extracts, the products to be used must present a complex formulation, considering the diverse and complex challenges that the animals face.
One solution would be strengthen mixtures of essential oils by adding spices that clearly enhance this complexity and in particular strengthen the digestive abilities of the animal.
Thanks to these solutions, the animal is once again the focus of production and poultry farms are able to introduce this change to reduce the use of antibiotics in animal feed, already adopted by many countries. .
The future of APCs is increasingly uncertain and it is very likely that more and more molecules will be banned internationally. Thus, lActive ingredients of plant origin are becoming increasingly essential when it comes to maintaining the efficiency of livestock farms, as long as these active ingredients consistently improve animal welfare and performance.