Poverty migration continues in Mexico: economic shortages, lack of employment, stagnant local economies and food poverty conditions in the country’s five poorest states push at least 419,000 Mexicans to migrate to the United States in the last five years.
This represents 27 percent of the 1.5 million Mexicans across the country who for various reasons migrated to that nation in that period, according to the National Population Council (Conapo).
Puebla, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero and Chiapas –the five entities with the largest number of people living in poverty– were profiled as some of the main expellers of migrants in the last half decade, according to data from the National Population Council (Conapo). In these five years, the economies of these five entities lived practically in a permanent recession or with very low growth rates.
Since 2016, a total of 118,412 people have left the country to relocate abroad. It is followed by 105 thousand 109 Oaxaca, 91 thousand 949 Veracruz and 72 thousand 10 warriors. In that same lapse, Chiapas expelled 32 thousand 264 inhabitants.
Conapo estimates that the most frequent destinations for villagers were California (30.4 percent), New York (21.3 percent), New Jersey (9.2 percent) Illinois (6.4 percent) and Texas (5.2 percent).
Within the figures, a thermometer that is useful in determining which municipalities expel more migrants is the Institute of Mexicans Abroad (IME), Which records the number of applications for consular registrations in the Mexican consular network in the United States. According to their data, a good part of the majority of the poblanos that already reside to the other side of the Bravo river came from the state capital.
But there are also municipalities with high poverty rates such as Atlixco, Izúcar de Matamoros, San Pedro Cholula and Chietla, Which had a large number of people who came to process their registration, used to access different services used by the migrant population as bank accounts. Between these four municipalities they add up 8 thousand 681 consular registries; it is no coincidence that their poverty levels range from 59 to 77 percent of the population.
en Warrior, IME figures place Acapulco as the municipality of the poorest states that most residents decide to migrate abroad after registering 9,672 consular registrations of Mexican population in the United States. It is also one of the 10 municipalities with the most homicides in 2021.
Currently, the mayor’s office, which houses one of the country’s main tourist destinations, has high levels of insecurity and, according to the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy, (Coneval), the poverty seizes of 56.6 percent of the acapulqueños.
Other guerrilla municipalities that concentrate a high number of consular registrations in the United States are Teloloapan (3,264), Coyuca de Català (2,199), San Marcos (2,89), Cutzamala de Pinzón (2,021) and Chilpancingo ( 2 mil 11). Each of these demarcations registers a percentage of poor settlers that oscillates between the 57 and 78 percent.
In Oaxaca, the municipalities that send more people to the United States are Oaxaca de Juárez, Santiago Juxtlahuaca, Putla Vila de Guerrero, San Martín Peres and Mihuatlán de Porfirio Díaz. In these mayoralties, only the state capital shows poverty levels below 50 percent.
Guanajuato, with the largest increase in migrants to the US
Despite the migration bordered by misery, other entities with good economic performance, but with a marked deterioration in security conditions have also contributed to the wave of Mexican migration in recent years.
This is the case of Guanajuato, an entity that experiences the largest phenomenon of international emigration in the country: 183,000 545 of its inhabitants moved to another nation between 2016 and 2020. This means that over five years they emigrated 101 people every day.
The entity governed by Diego Sinhue Rodríguez has been hit in this period by a disproportionate increase in violence that positioned the entity as the bloodiest in the country in terms of malicious homicides and also stands as one of the main foci of operation for to delinquent groups engaged in fuel theft.
In 2020 alone, the year in which the covid-19 pandemic made it difficult for migrants to cross the border into the United States, Mexican authorities project that 37,743 Guanajuato residents left their homes to seek new horizons outside national borders.
Michoacán is the second entity with the largest international emigration in the country. Conapo estimates indicate that at least 127,904 inhabitants of this demarcation left our borders with the aim of establishing some other nation.
Historically, this entity has high rates of international migration and in the 1990s was the largest expeller of Mexicans abroad. Conapo estimates that in 2020 they left their homes to at least 26,000 people to try their luck in another country.
Most Michoacans living in the United States head to California or Illinois. -where the city of Chicago is located–. 46.7 percent of Michoacans migrating to the United States go to the first state, while 12.4 percent go to the second, according to the consular registrations of the Mexican population of the Census Bureau .
The majority of the michoacanos that are registered in the lists of American population come mainly from the following municipalities: Morelia (7 percent), Apatzingán (4.2 percent), Noble (4.2 percent), Zamora (3.3 percent) and Huetamo (3.1 per cent).
On the other hand, the states that register the lowest levels in terms of the expulsion of migrants are Campeche (2,541), Baja California Sur (2,961), Quintana Roo (5,846), Tabasco (7,280). ) and Colima (9 thousand 080). Among these five entities are just 27,708 international migrants, representing just 15 percent of the cases registered in Guanajuato.
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