Perseverance Rover’s SuperCam scientific instrument delivers first results: NASA’s Mars exploration program


The data from the powerful scientific tool includes sounds from his laser zapping against a rock to prove what it is made of.


The first readings of the SuperCam instrument aboard NASA’s Perseverance rover have arrived on Earth. SuperCam was jointly developed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico and a consortium of French research laboratories under the auspices of the National Center for Space Studies (CNES). The instrument delivered data to the French Space Agency’s operations center in Toulouse which includes the first laser zap audio from another planet.

This image shows a close up view of the so-called rock target

Close-up of “Máaz” SuperCam: This image shows a close-up view of the rock target called “Máaz” from the SuperCam instrument on NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover. It was taken by SuperCam’s Remote Micro-Imager (RMI). “Máaz” means Mars in Navajo language. Credits: NASA / JPL-Caltech / LANL / CNES / CNRS. Full image and legend ›

“It’s amazing to see SuperCam working so well on Mars,” said Roger Wiens, principal investigator of the SuperCam instrument of Perseverance at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. “When we first dreamed of this instrument eight years ago, we were worried that we were too ambitious. Now he’s up there working like a charm. “

“The acquired sounds are of remarkable quality,” says Naomi Murdoch, a researcher and professor at the ISAE-SUPAERO School of Aerospace Engineering in Toulouse, Languedoc. “It’s amazing to think we’ll do science with the first sounds ever recorded on the surface of Mars!”

On March 9, the mission released three SuperCam audio files. Obtained only about 18 hours after landing, when the mast remained stowed on the deck of the rover, the first file captures the faint sounds of the Martian wind.

First audio recording of sounds on Mars: This recording was made by NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover SuperCam instrument on February 19, 2021, approximately 18 hours after landing the first sun or Martian day of the mission. The rover’s pole, which held the microphone, was still tucked into Perseverance’s deck, and so the sound is muted, similar to the sound heard listening to a sea shell or with your hand to your ear. You can only hear a little wind. Credits: NASA / JPL-Caltech / LANL / CNES / CNRS / ISAE-Supaero. Download audio ›

The wind is most audible, especially around the 20-second mark, in the second sound file, recorded on the rover’s fourth Martian day, or sun.

Perseverance Rover’s SuperCam records Wind on Mars: This recording was made on February 22, 2021, the fourth sun (Martian day), using NASA’s SuperCam instrument from the Perseverance rover after the deployment of the rover’s mast. It provides a different overall sound from the SuperCam audio recording from the first sun of the mission. You can hear some wind, especially about 20 seconds after the recording. Rover background sounds have been removed. Credits: NASA / JPL-Caltech / LANL / CNES / CNRS / ISAE-Supaero. Download audio ›

The third SuperCam file, from Sol 12, includes laser zapping sounds that hit a rock target 30 times at a distance of about 3 feet (10 feet). Some zaps sound slightly stronger than others, providing information about the physical structure of the targets, such as their relative hardness.

First acoustic recording of laser shots on Mars: This is the first acoustic recording of laser impacts on a rock target on Mars since March 2, 2021, the 12thth sol (Martian day) of the SuperCam instrument of Perseverance. You can hear the sounds of 30 impacts, some slightly louder than others. Variations in the intensity of zapping sounds will provide information about the physical structure of targets, such as their relative hardness or the presence of weather coatings. The target, Máaz (“Mars” in Navajo), was about 3.1 m away. Credits: NASA / JPL-Caltech / LANL / CNES / CNRS / ISAE-Supaero. Download audio ›

“I want to give my sincere thanks and congratulations to our international partners at CNES and the SuperCam team for being part of this momentous journey with us,” said Thomas Zurbuchen, associate science administrator at NASA headquarters in Washington. “SuperCam really offers our rover eyes to see promising rock samples and ears to hear how it sounds when lasers hit them. This information will be essential in determining which samples we will cache and eventually return to Earth through our innovative Mars sample return campaign, which will be one of humanity’s most ambitious feats. he never did ”

The SuperCam team also received excellent first sets of data from the instrument’s visible and infrared sensor (VISIR), as well as its Raman spectrometer. VISIR collects light reflected by the Sun to study the mineral content of rocks and sediments. This technique complements the Raman spectrometer, which uses a green laser beam to excite the chemical bonds in a sample to produce a signal based on which elements are attached to each other, in turn providing information about the mineral composition of a rock. .

“This is the first time an instrument has used Raman spectroscopy anywhere other than on Earth!” said Olivier Beyssac, CNRS research director at the Institut de Mineralogy, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie in Paris. “Raman spectroscopy will play a crucial role in characterizing minerals to gain a deeper insight into the geological conditions in which they formed and to detect potential organic molecules and minerals that could have been formed by living organisms.”

SuperCam calibration target on Mars

SuperCam calibration target on Mars: Coupled from five images, this mosaic shows the SuperCam instrument’s calibration goal aboard NASA’s Perseverance rover on Mars. Component images were taken by SuperCam Remote Microimaging (RMI). Credits: NASA / JPL-Caltech / LANL / CNES / CNRS. Full image and legend ›

Learn more about the mission

SuperCam is run by the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, where the body unit of the instrument was developed. This part of the instrument includes various spectrometers, control electronics and software.

The Mast Unit was developed and built by various laboratories of the CNRS (French National Center for Scientific Research) and French universities under the contracting authority of the CNES. The calibration objectives on the roof of the rover are provided by the Spanish University of Valladolid.

A key goal for Perseverance’s mission to Mars is astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life. The rover will characterize the planet’s past geology and climate, pave the way for human exploration of the red planet, and be the first mission to collect and hide rock and Martian regolith (broken rock and dust).

Subsequent NASA missions, in collaboration with ESA (European Space Agency), would send spacecraft to Mars to collect these sealed samples from the surface and return them to Earth for in-depth analysis.

The Mars 2020 Perseverance mission is part of NASA’s approach to exploring the Moon to Mars, which includes Artemis missions to the Moon that will help prepare for human exploration of the red planet.

JPL, which is managed by NASA by Caltech in Pasadena, California, built and managed the operations of the Perseverance rover.

For more information on perseverance:

mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/

nasa.gov/perseverance

News media contacts

DC Agle
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.
818-393-9011
[email protected]

Alana Johnson / Gray Tombstone
NASA Headquarters, Washington
202-672-4780 / 202-358-0668
[email protected] / [email protected]

Raphael Sart
National Center for Space Studies, Paris
+33 (0) 1 44 76 74 51
[email protected]

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